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PODCAST

Colorectal Surgery Review

Allen Kamrava, MD MBA FACS FASCRS

An academic, sponsor-free audio review of core concepts in colon and rectal surgery. Using the power of A.I., created by Dr. Allen Kamrava, Associate Teaching Faculty at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, this series is designed for residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons to stay current with concise, evidence-based updates. Covering textbook foundations, landmark trials, and evolving ASCRS guidelines, each episode delivers practical surgical education for the commute, workout, or even to wind down at

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All Episodes

00:44:38

Colorectal Cancer - Operative Principles

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/11/24

This academic review details the foundational principles and technical specifics of colectomy for colon cancer, emphasizing the oncologic triad of achieving negative circumferential margins, removing the entire mesentery, and accurate staging. We confirm the mandatory margin requirement is a minimum of 5 cm proximally and distally. We address localization challenges, detailing the critical technique for endoscopic tattooing using a saline bleb (0.5–1.0 ml) to contain the India ink and ensure

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00:49:48

Preop Planning and Staging of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/11/20

This episode provides a comprehensive review of pre-operative evaluation and staging for colorectal cancer, emphasizing the shift toward highly reproducible imaging and personalized risk stratification. We detail screening methods and clarify when pre-operative biopsy is mandatory (absolutely required for rectal tumors to obtain immediate MMR testing). We establish the modern definition of the rectum using fixed MRI bony landmarks (sacral promontory to symphysis pubis), superseding the variable 12

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00:30:10

Malignant Polyps - What to do?

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/11/17

This deep dive tackles the challenging management of the malignant polyp (early T1 colorectal cancer), focusing on the pivotal decision point: endoscopic cure versus formal surgical resection. We review key precursor lesions (adenomas, sessile serrated lesions or SSLs) and the critical anatomical distinction of invasion beyond the muscularis mucosa.A major focus is on predicting invasion depth using enhanced endoscopic criteria, including Paris morphology (depressed lesions, e.g., 0-III, are high

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00:46:02

Colorectal Cancer - Sporadic vs. Inherited

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/11/14

This episode of Colorectal Surgery Review provides a focused, deep dive into the absolute current state-of-the-art management of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Targeted specifically toward practicing clinicians and academic colorectal surgeons, the discussion dissects the fundamental molecular biology, changing epidemiology, screening variance, and the critical nuances in surgical and medical treatment guidelines for both sporadic and inherited forms of the disease.Key Topics Covered in this Deep

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00:32:44

Presacral Tumors

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/22

The Deep Dive: Presacral Tumors – The Deep Dive on Anatomy, Nerve Preservation, & Oncologic StrategyThis episode tackles the incredibly rare but complex topic of presacral tumors. Though they are rarely encountered, maybe appearing in only one in 40,000 hospital admissions, they present high stakes due to their location near critical nerves and vessels, requiring a solid, almost academic understanding for effective management.What We Cover:Anatomic Foundation & Function: We break down the

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00:33:33

Anal Cancer

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/20

This episode of Colorectal Surgery Review provides a comprehensive deep dive into the evolving management of anal cancer, focusing on key clinical updates and the minutiae essential for effective practice.Key Discussion Points:The Paradigm Shift: The episode explores the foundational change in treatment from radical surgery to definitive chemoradiation (CRT) as the standard of care for most anal canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus (SCA). This shift is based on the Nigro Paradigm, which

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00:32:51

Anal Dysplasia

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/17

This episode offers a rigorous academic deep dive into Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN), a critical premalignant condition driven overwhelmingly by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Essential for practicing and board-certified colon and rectal surgeons, this review tackles the nuances, fundamental changes in nomenclature, and evidence-based management of this disease.Nomenclature Standardization (The LAST Project): We clarify the mandatory shift from the outdated three-tiered system (AIN 1, 2, 3)

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00:35:35

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/15

This crucial episode delivers a deep dive into an essential, rapidly evolving, and clinically critical domain for practicing surgeons and clinicians. We tackle the surge in sexually transmitted infections (STIs)—including Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and HPV—and focus on their rising prevalence within the anorectum.STIs in this region are often "diagnostic masquerades," mimicking common surgical issues like fissures, bad hemorrhoids, or even inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Learn how

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00:38:38

Pruritis Ani

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/06

Pruritus ani—chronic itching around the anus—is one of the most common yet frustrating conditions in colorectal practice. Often dismissed as a minor problem, it can severely impact quality of life and frequently overlaps with dermatologic disease. In this episode, we bring dermatology and colorectal care together to explore the full spectrum of causes, evaluation strategies, and treatment options for pruritus ani.We begin by defining pruritus ani and breaking down its prevalence, common risk

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00:46:47

Pilonidal Disease & Hidradenitis Supporativa

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/03

Pilonidal disease and hidradenitis suppurativa are two chronic, often misunderstood conditions that significantly impact quality of life. Though different in origin, they share common themes of recurrent infection, inflammation, and the need for thoughtful long-term management. In this episode, we take a deep dive into both conditions, outlining their anatomy, causes, diagnostic challenges, and modern treatment strategies.We begin with pilonidal disease—a condition commonly affecting young adults,

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00:33:14

Rectovaginal Fistulas

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/10/01

Rectovaginal fistulas are among the most difficult and emotionally impactful conditions in colorectal surgery. In this episode, we explore the causes, diagnosis, and management of rectovaginal fistulas with a focus on both the surgical and human aspects of care.We begin by breaking down the anatomy and mechanisms that lead to fistula formation, including obstetric injury, surgical complications, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation. Listeners will gain an understanding of how these pathways

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00:58:25

Rectourethral and Complex Fistulas

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/29

Rectourethral and complex fistulas represent some of the most challenging conditions in colorectal and urologic surgery. In this episode, we take a structured deep dive into the anatomy, causes, diagnostic pathways, and management strategies for these rare but highly impactful problems.The discussion begins with the basics—how rectourethral fistulas form, whether from surgical complications, radiation, trauma, or inflammatory disease. We then move into clinical presentation, highlighting the key

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01:07:51

Anorectal Abscesses and Fistulas

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/25

Anorectal abscesses and fistulas are among the most complex and misunderstood conditions in colorectal disease. In this in-depth episode, we take a clear, step-by-step journey into the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies surrounding cryptoglandular disease. Whether you are a medical trainee, a healthcare professional, or a patient seeking to understand your own condition, this episode is designed to provide both clarity and depth on a topic that too often remains shrouded

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00:44:23

Anal Fissures and Anal Stenosis

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/22

In this episode, we take a comprehensive look at two challenging colorectal conditions: anal fissures and anal stenosis. Listeners will learn how to differentiate between them, understand the underlying anatomy and causes, and explore both conservative and surgical treatment strategies. With a clear, physician-led breakdown, this discussion blends clinical expertise with practical insights for patients, trainees, and professionals seeking deeper knowledge in colorectal care.

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00:49:00

Endoscopic Management of Polyps

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/15

This "Colorectal Surgery Review" episode provides a deep dive into the rapidly evolving field of advanced endoscopy, framing it as a new surgical frontier called "endoluminal surgery." The discussion is aimed at colorectal surgeons and trainees, highlighting critical techniques, evolving evidence, and key nuances for board exams and clinical practice.Key topics covered in the episode include:Historical Context and Evolution: The episode begins by drawing a parallel between the

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00:41:01

Hemorrhoids

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/12

This episode of "Colorectal Surgery Review" provides a comprehensive guide to hemorrhoidal disease for clinicians, with a focus on details relevant for board exams and clinical practice. The hosts emphasize that hemorrhoids are normal anatomical structures (vascular cushions) and only require treatment when they become symptomatic.Key topics covered in the episode include:Anatomy and Classification: The podcast stresses the critical distinction between internal and external hemorrhoids

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00:42:39

Fecal Incontinence - Evaluation & Treatment

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/10

Key topics covered in the episode include:Definition and Physiology: Fecal incontinence is defined as the uncontrolled passage of stool or gas for at least one month in a person who had previously achieved continence. Continence relies on a complex interplay of five factors: stool consistency, anal sphincter function, rectal compliance (the rectum's ability to store stool), neurologic function, and pelvic floor coordination.Evaluation: A thorough evaluation begins with a detailed patient history

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00:17:26

Colonosocopies

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/04

In this episode, we review the principles and practice of endoscopy in colorectal surgery. Topics include indications for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, scope design and function, and the essential steps for safe technique. We cover screening colonoscopy, polypectomy, management of bleeding, and evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the role of endoscopy in cancer detection and surveillance. Clinical pearls and common pitfalls are highlighted to guide fellows and practicing

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00:23:34

The Physiology of the Anus & Rectum

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/04

This episode reviews the physiology of the anorectum, focusing on the mechanisms of continence and defecation. We cover the anatomy and function of the internal and external anal sphincters, the puborectalis muscle, and the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Sensory pathways, autonomic and somatic innervation, and the role of the pelvic floor are explained in detail, along with the coordination required for continence and evacuation. Clinical correlations include constipation, fecal incontinence, and

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01:15:28

Colonic Physiology

Colorectal Surgery Review ·

2025/09/03

In this episode, we explore the physiology of the colon — a vital but often misunderstood organ. Beginning with embryology, we review how the colon and rectum develop from the primitive gut, including the rotations of the midgut and the complex differentiation of the cloaca. These processes explain congenital anomalies such as malrotation, Hirschsprung’s disease, and anorectal malformations.We then move to anatomy and function. The colonic wall contains four distinct layers — mucosa, submucosa,

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21 results

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