PODCAST

Postgres FM

Nikolay Samokhvalov and Michael Christofides

A weekly podcast about all things PostgreSQL

technology tech news

All Episodes

28:08

Zero-downtime migrations

Postgres FM ·

2023/06/02

Nikolay and Michael discuss zero-downtime schema migrations — why they're a challenge, a variety of different cases, and some things you can do to achieve them. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Comparison of JOINS: MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL (blog post by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández)Common DB schema change mistakes (blog post by Nikolay)lock_timeout and retries (blog post by Nikolay)lock_timeoutFast Column Creation with Defaults (blog post by Brandur)Database Schema

44:24

Parallelism

Postgres FM ·

2023/05/26

Nikolay and Michael discuss parallelism — both parallel query execution and other parallel operations. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Parallel query (docs)Parallelism in PostgreSQL 11 (talk by Thomas Munro)Parallelism in PostgreSQL 15 (talk by Thomas Munro)Towards Millions TPS (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)Memory resource consumption (docs)Our episode about index maintenanceOur episode about partitioning Patch to make postgres_fdw parallel-safe (by Swarm64) PostgreSQL

42:23

Corruption

Postgres FM ·

2023/05/19

Nikolay and Michael discuss database corruption — various types, how they can come about, and what to do (and not do) if you come across it. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: The dangers of streaming across versions of glibc (TripAdvisor mailing list thread)The floor is Java memeData Corruption talk by Sebastian Webber (on Postgres TV) Data corruption monitoring & troubleshooting talk by Andrey Borodin (on Postgres TV)Postgres data corruption (document from Nikolay) Data

35:01

ChatGPT x  PostgreSQL

Postgres FM ·

2023/05/12

Nikolay and Michael discuss using ChatGPT for Postgres tasks — should you, if so what for, and some things to be mindful of! Here are links to a few things we mentioned: ChatGPTNikolay’s polls on Twitter and on LinkedIn The Art of PostgreSQL (book by Dimitri Fontaine)SQL Performance Explained (book by Markus Winand)Nikolay’s YouTube correction about deletes and index amplificationDon’t use ChatGPT to solve problems (blog post by Christophe Pettus)Query optimization session with ChatGPT,

45:51

pg_stat_statements

Postgres FM ·

2023/05/05

Nikolay and Michael discuss pg_stat_statements — why everyone should use it, but also some downsides! Here are links to a few things we mentioned: pg_stat_statements (docs)pg_stat_statements (PgPedia)PGSQL PhridayObserver effect in pg_stat_statements and pg_stat_kcache (Postgres Hacking session on Postgres TV) track_io_timing (docs)Overhead comment (by Tom Kate, via Jeremy Schneider) pg_stat_monitorPGConOur episode on query analysisMarginalia ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we

37:18

auto_explain

Postgres FM ·

2023/04/28

Nikolay and Michael discuss auto_explain — what it is, how it can help, and how to check it's overhead. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: auto_explain (docs)ScaleGrid guide to auto_explain Can auto_explain, with timing, have low overhead? (Blog post by Michael)pgBadger pg_stat_monitorEXPLAIN ANALYZE may be lying to you (blog post by Álvaro from Ongres)pg_test_timingOur episode on benchmarkingDatabase Lab Engine~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time

39:48

Queues in Postgres

Postgres FM ·

2023/04/21

Nikolay and Michael discuss queues in Postgres — the pros and cons vs dedicated queuing tools, and some tips for scaling. A couple of apologies-in-advance: Near the end, we incorrectly say "idempotent" when we meant "stateless", and also 50 TPS instead of 500 TPSWe also had a couple of audio issues, sorry!Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Recent discussion on Hacker NewsPgQWhat is SKIP LOCKED (blog post by Craig Ringer) autovacuumPostgres queues (blog post by Brandur)pg_repackOur

39:50

Read-only considerations

Postgres FM ·

2023/04/14

Nikolay and Michael discuss a listener request — special considerations for databases that are used in a read-only mode all day, and get an update at night with additional data.Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Index-only scansVacuumUK Covid-19 dashboardpg_repackPartitioningOur episode on BRIN indexesAlways load sorted data (blog post by Haki Benita)GIN indexes: the good and the bad (blog post by Lukas Fittl)Our episode on materialised viewspg_buffercacheTowards Millions TPS

34:04

Partitioning

Postgres FM ·

2023/04/07

Nikolay and Michael discuss table partitioning — what it is, why and when it's helpful, and some considerations for your partition key. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Partitioning docspg_partmanIndex maintenance episode Timescale partitioningpg_cronXtreme PostgreSQL (talk by Christophe Pettus)Database Antipatterns (also by Christophe, slides 46-49)Understanding an outage (blog post by Duffel)~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know on

43:15

Peter Zaitsev

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/31

This week we're sharing an edited version of Nikolay's recent interview with Peter Zaitsev from Percona — they discuss MySQL vs Postgres, Percona’s success, open source licenses, FerretDB, and databases on Kubernetes… phew! And here are some links to a few things mentioned: PerconapgCloudHacker browser extension PMMPercona Distribution for PostgreSQLFerretDBPeter's Twitter profilePeter's LinkedIn profile------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time

31:12

psql vs GUIs

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/24

Nikolay and Michael discuss command line and graphical user interfaces for Postgres — what they are, some tips and tricks for learning, and what we each use and prefer. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: psql (docs)psql is awesome! (talk by Lætitia Avrot)psql tips (site by Lætitia Avrot)pgAdminPostico DBeaverDataGripPgManage (new Command Prompt fork of OmniDB) PopSQLpostgres_dbapspgMaterialized views episodepgcli------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we

40:18

Upgrades

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/17

Nikolay and Michael discuss major and minor version Postgres upgrades — what they are, how often they come out, and how regularly we should be upgrading. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Postgres versioning policy why-upgrade (by depesz)postgresqlco.nf (by Ongres)postgresql.conf comparison (by Rustproof Labs) pg_upgradeLogical replication CHECKPOINTamcheckLocale data changes (e.g. glibc upgrades)ANALYZEUpgrades are hard (summary of panel discussion by Andreas 'ads'

31:23

Wait events

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/10

Nikolay and Michael discuss wait events — what they are, why we have them, and how to use them to help diagnose performance issues. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Wait events table (docs)9.6 release notesPostgreSQL Scalability (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)Wait event analysis in pganalyzeauto_explainDatabase Lab Enginetrack_io_timingpg_test_timingpgBadgerCorootOkmeterpgwatch2 Postgres.ai Editionpg_wait_samplingpgsentinelDatadogAWS RDS docs for PostgreSQL wait

28:11

TOAST

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/03

Nikolay and Michael discuss TOAST (The Oversized-Attribute Storage Technique) — what it is, how it works, and some general things to be aware of. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: TOAST docsTOAST wikiHussein Nasser on rows per page (Twitter)Toasting in action (dbi services blog)Interview with Peter Zaitsev (Postgres TV)Building columnar compression in a row-oriented database (Timescale blog post)The Surprising Impact of Medium-Size Texts on PostgreSQL Performance (blog post by

31:59

JSON

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/24

Nikolay and Michael discuss JSON — our options for storing it in Postgres, whether or when we should, as well as a brief intro and some tips for JSON functions available. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: hstoreXML typeXML functionsJSON typesJSON functionsJSONB indexingNULLS episodeWhy Postgres is popular episodePostgreSQL 12 release notesWhat’s New in SQL:2016 (blog post by Markus Winand)SQL/JSON is postponed (blog post by depesz) JSON[b] Roadmap (talk by Oleg Bartunov)Slides,

34:02

Real-time analytics

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/17

Nikolay and Michael discuss real-time analytics — what it means, what the options are, and some tips if you're trying to implement it within Postgres. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Loose index scan / skip scan with recursive CTE (wiki)Zheap (wiki)cstore_fdw (now part of Citus)Timescale compression docsHydra founders interview (on Postgres TV)Materialised views episode pg_ivmTimescale continuous aggregates docsClickhouseSnowflakeReplication episodeTimescale bottomless storage

36:46

Benchmarking

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/10

Nikolay and Michael discuss benchmarking — reasons to do it, and some approaches, tools, and resources that can help. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Towards Millions TPS (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)Episode on testing Episode on buffers pgbenchsysbenchImproving Postgres Connection Scalability (blog post by Andres Freund)pgreplaypgreplay-goJMeterpg_qualstatspg_queryDatabase experimenting/benchmarking (talk by Nikolay, 2018)Database testing (talk by Nikolay at PGCon,

32:21

Default configuration

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/03

Nikolay and Michael discuss the default config — some tools and principles you can use to customise it, as well as several parameters you probably always want to change.Here are links to a few things we mentioned: shared_buffersAndres Freund tweets about shared_buffers PGTune Leopard Cybertec Configuratorpg_stat_statementsJIT configurationpostgresqlco.nfannotated.confOtterTunework_memrandom_page_costmax_connectionsWhat to logmax_wal_sizeWAL and checkpoint tuning

28:00

Infra cost optimization

Postgres FM ·

2023/01/27

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: The Cost of Cloud, a Trillion Dollar Paradox (blog post from Andreessen Horowitz)OVHHetznerpostgresql_clusterWhy we're leaving the cloud (blog post by DHH from Basecamp)Managed services vs. DIY episodeec2instances.infoVantagePostgres TV episode with Everett Berry from VantageMigrating to Aurora: easy except the bill (blog post by Kimberly Nicholls from Gridium)Database Lab EnginePostgres.ai consultingNetdatasysbenchfioQuery macro analysis

35:32

Auditing

Postgres FM ·

2023/01/20

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Crunchy Data PostgreSQL Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG)pgAudit (site)pgAudit (repo)noset (extension)SplunkKibanaTimescaleCREATE TRIGGER docsTransition table triggers (blog post by David Fetter)Table Audit (blog post by Lorenzo Alberton)Row change auditing options (blog post by CYBERTEC)Hydra founders interview (on Postgres TV)max_slot_wal_keep_sizeeBPFBuilding a perf-like tool for PostgreSQL (talk by Ronan Dunklau)Party tricks for

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Postgres FM

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