PODCAST

Postgres FM

Nikolay Samokhvalov and Michael Christofides

A weekly podcast about all things PostgreSQL

technology tech news

All Episodes

31:23

Wait events

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/10

Nikolay and Michael discuss wait events — what they are, why we have them, and how to use them to help diagnose performance issues. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Wait events table (docs)9.6 release notesPostgreSQL Scalability (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)Wait event analysis in pganalyzeauto_explainDatabase Lab Enginetrack_io_timingpg_test_timingpgBadgerCorootOkmeterpgwatch2 Postgres.ai Editionpg_wait_samplingpgsentinelDatadogAWS RDS docs for PostgreSQL wait

28:11

TOAST

Postgres FM ·

2023/03/03

Nikolay and Michael discuss TOAST (The Oversized-Attribute Storage Technique) — what it is, how it works, and some general things to be aware of. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: TOAST docsTOAST wikiHussein Nasser on rows per page (Twitter)Toasting in action (dbi services blog)Interview with Peter Zaitsev (Postgres TV)Building columnar compression in a row-oriented database (Timescale blog post)The Surprising Impact of Medium-Size Texts on PostgreSQL Performance (blog post by

31:59

JSON

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/24

Nikolay and Michael discuss JSON — our options for storing it in Postgres, whether or when we should, as well as a brief intro and some tips for JSON functions available. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: hstoreXML typeXML functionsJSON typesJSON functionsJSONB indexingNULLS episodeWhy Postgres is popular episodePostgreSQL 12 release notesWhat’s New in SQL:2016 (blog post by Markus Winand)SQL/JSON is postponed (blog post by depesz) JSON[b] Roadmap (talk by Oleg Bartunov)Slides,

34:02

Real-time analytics

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/17

Nikolay and Michael discuss real-time analytics — what it means, what the options are, and some tips if you're trying to implement it within Postgres. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Loose index scan / skip scan with recursive CTE (wiki)Zheap (wiki)cstore_fdw (now part of Citus)Timescale compression docsHydra founders interview (on Postgres TV)Materialised views episode pg_ivmTimescale continuous aggregates docsClickhouseSnowflakeReplication episodeTimescale bottomless storage

36:46

Benchmarking

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/10

Nikolay and Michael discuss benchmarking — reasons to do it, and some approaches, tools, and resources that can help. Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Towards Millions TPS (blog post by Alexander Korotkov)Episode on testing Episode on buffers pgbenchsysbenchImproving Postgres Connection Scalability (blog post by Andres Freund)pgreplaypgreplay-goJMeterpg_qualstatspg_queryDatabase experimenting/benchmarking (talk by Nikolay, 2018)Database testing (talk by Nikolay at PGCon,

32:21

Default configuration

Postgres FM ·

2023/02/03

Nikolay and Michael discuss the default config — some tools and principles you can use to customise it, as well as several parameters you probably always want to change.Here are links to a few things we mentioned: shared_buffersAndres Freund tweets about shared_buffers PGTune Leopard Cybertec Configuratorpg_stat_statementsJIT configurationpostgresqlco.nfannotated.confOtterTunework_memrandom_page_costmax_connectionsWhat to logmax_wal_sizeWAL and checkpoint tuning

28:00

Infra cost optimization

Postgres FM ·

2023/01/27

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: The Cost of Cloud, a Trillion Dollar Paradox (blog post from Andreessen Horowitz)OVHHetznerpostgresql_clusterWhy we're leaving the cloud (blog post by DHH from Basecamp)Managed services vs. DIY episodeec2instances.infoVantagePostgres TV episode with Everett Berry from VantageMigrating to Aurora: easy except the bill (blog post by Kimberly Nicholls from Gridium)Database Lab EnginePostgres.ai consultingNetdatasysbenchfioQuery macro analysis

35:32

Auditing

Postgres FM ·

2023/01/20

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Crunchy Data PostgreSQL Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG)pgAudit (site)pgAudit (repo)noset (extension)SplunkKibanaTimescaleCREATE TRIGGER docsTransition table triggers (blog post by David Fetter)Table Audit (blog post by Lorenzo Alberton)Row change auditing options (blog post by CYBERTEC)Hydra founders interview (on Postgres TV)max_slot_wal_keep_sizeeBPFBuilding a perf-like tool for PostgreSQL (talk by Ronan Dunklau)Party tricks for

39:25

Copying a database

Postgres FM ·

2023/01/13

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: pg_dump pg_restore pgcopydb (tool by Dimitri Fontaine) pg_dump and external snapshots (blog post by Michael Paquier) Systems Performance (book by Brendan Gregg) Performance troubleshooting methodologies (two part talk by Brendan Gregg) pg_basebackup wal-g pgBackRest Database Lab Engine Database branching episode ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on

35:14

Transaction ID wraparound

Postgres FM ·

2023/01/06

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: The Internals of PostgreSQL chapter 5 (book by Hironobu SUZUKI) PostgreSQL 14 internals chapter 7 (book by Egor Rogov) Transaction ID Wraparound (blog post from Sentry) What We Learned from the Recent Mandrill Outage (blog post from Mailchimp) How to simulate transaction ID wraparound (blog post by Prashant Dixit)Add 64-bit XIDs into PostgreSQL 16 (commitfest entry) Partitioning (docs) Consider using VACUUM’s INDEX_CLEANUP option (tweet by

33:26

Postgres year in review 2022

Postgres FM ·

2022/12/30

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: 1. Startups building momentumAiven raised $210m Timescale raised $110m Hasura raised $100m Supabase raised $80m Neon raised $30m Hydra OrioleDB 2. Educational resourcesPostgres FM started 👋Postgres TV became more active (including topic playlists) Tobias Petry tips on Twitter and SQL for Devs Hussein Nasser YouTube channel (backend engineering) Postgres Weekly (newsletter) 3. Sharding progressCitus goes fully open source SPQR

31:51

Row estimates

Postgres FM ·

2022/12/23

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: ANALYZE (docs)Autovacuum config (docs)Statistics used by the planner (docs) CREATE STATISTICS (docs) Row count estimates (pgMustard blog post) pg_hint_plan Optimizer methodology (talk by Robert Haas) Tomáš Vondra on statistics and hints (an excellent interview we forgot to mention, sorry!) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides /

37:56

Replication

Postgres FM ·

2022/12/16

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Replication (docs) 9.0 release notes (including built-in replication) SlonyLondistepg_is_in_recovery (pgPedia page) Patroni Multiple Databases with Active Recordhot_standby_feedback (docs) max_standby_archive_delay or max_standby_streaming_delay (for WAL-shipping and WAL-streaming respectively)synchronous_commitSynchronous replicasDatabase Lab Engine Neon Branching Past, Present, and Future of Logical Replication (Postgres TV with Amit Kapila)

26:18

Timestamps

Postgres FM ·

2022/12/09

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Date/Time Types (docs) Don’t use timestamp without time zone (wiki) Date/Time functions and operators (docs) Postgres AT TIME ZONE explained (blog post by Bruce Momjian) Our episode on BRIN indexes RUM indexes allballs (mailing list thread) ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you

29:05

PostgREST

Postgres FM ·

2022/12/02

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: PostgREST documentationSupabaseNo offset (blog post by Markus Winand)JSON functions and operators (PostgreSQL docs)Stored procedures (a previous Postgres FM episode)PostGraphile Hasura Parse, Inc. FirebasePostgresMLPgQ ------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this

41:03

Materialized views

Postgres FM ·

2022/11/25

Apologies, Michael's audio is not great in this, we'll hopefully be back to normal next week!Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Materialized views (docs)Refresh materialized view (docs)Timescale blog postPlanetScale Boost (content warning: MySQL) Incremental Materialized Views with pg_ivm (video by Lukas Fittl) Articles on how to do your own incremental updates(?)Materialize (company) Materialize talkIncremental View Maintenance (Postgres wiki) Implementing Incremental View

30:13

HOT updates

Postgres FM ·

2022/11/18

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Heap-only tuple updates (docs)README file (source code)Heap Only Tuple chapter (Internals of PostgreSQL by Hironobu SUZUKI) How partial, covering, and multicolumn indexes may slow down UPDATEs (blog post by Nikolay) Why Uber switched from Postgres to MySQL (blog post) Fighting write amplification with HOT updates (Adyen blog post) HOT Updates vs Bottom-Up Index Deletion (video by Lukas Fittl from pganalyze) Reduced Bloat with Bottom-Up Deletion

31:15

Database branching

Postgres FM ·

2022/11/11

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: Database Lab EngineOverview of Aurora cloning PlanetScale branchingCommon DB schema change mistakes (blog post by Nikolay)Supabase visionNeon branchingShift-left testing------------------------What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know by tweeting us on @samokhvalov / @michristofides / @PostgresFM, or by commenting on our Google doc.If you would like to share this episode, here's a good link (and thank

31:21

Version control for databases

Postgres FM ·

2022/11/04

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: A brief history of Version Control Systems (blog post by Mehran Hajirajabi)Redgate Source Control for Oracle (and SQL Server)Flyway Sqitch Liquibase pgAdmin Schema Diff Migra PostgresCompare Schema based versioning and deployment (blog post by Valentine Gogichashvili)Change management tools and techniques (PostgreSQL Wiki)GitLab migration_helpers.rb Database schema changes without downtime (blog post by James Coleman from

33:07

Contributing to Postgres

Postgres FM ·

2022/10/28

Here are links to a few things we mentioned: PostgreSQL 14 coin (upside down!)Intro to Planner Hacking (talk by Melanie Plageman)Demystifying contributing to PostgreSQL (talk by Lætitia Avrot)How to become a PostgreSQL contributor (blog post by Aleksander Alekseev)Compile and install from source code (PostgreSQL Wiki)PostgreSQL mailing listsGitHub PostgreSQL mirrorGitLab PostgreSQL mirrorCommitfestsSo, you want to be a developer? (PostgreSQL Wiki)Resolving the search engine issue (mailing

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Postgres FM

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