The External

What role do multinational corporations play in African regional political and economic intregration? In Episode 6, the External provides an overview of the recent article by Dr Mpumelelo Mkhabela and Professor Christopher Changwe Nshimbi published in the Journal of African Business, '‘Post-Apartheid South Africa and African Continental Integration: The Contribution of South African Multinational Corporations to Integration".

Can changes to British foreign policy be understood as an outcome of factional politics that divided the Conservative Party during the Brexit negotiations? In Episode 5, the External is joined by Benjamin Martill, who argues that the defeat of Teresa May’s Withdrawal Agreement brought to power a pro-Brexit faction with a distinct foreign policy worldview and incentives to demonstrate a cleaner break from the European Union. We discuss the key insights from his recent article in the Journal of

National and subnational parliaments are increasingly taking up a role in regional trade negotiations, which has implications for the final negotiation outcomes. The parliamentary engagement with the EU-Mercosur Association Agreement may be a deciding factor in the agreement's future. In Episode 4, the External is joined by Bruno Luciano from the Université libre de Bruxelles and Cairo Junqueira of the Federal University of Sergipe to discuss their recent article "Beyond parliamentary

Individual US states engage in their own diplomatic efforts towards the EU - Illinois even has an office in Brussels - but they do so in different ways and for different reasons. This episode dives into this long-standing but under-researched practice. This episode brings in Maria Helena Guimaraes (University of Minho) and Michelle Egan (American University) to discuss their article (co-authored with Sandrina Antunes), "Made in the USA? The paradiplomatic strategies of California and Illinois