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Cognate Cognizance Podcast

Tammy Marshall

Knowing cognates can strengthen your vocabulary skills. cognatecognizance.substack.com

education language learning

All Episodes

2:57

Vigilant

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/05/08

I’m sure many of the King’s guards were quite “vigilant” at his coronation this past weekend.vigilant — an adjective describing someone who is very alert and watchful for dangervigilante — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningA “vigil” — “vigilia” in Spanish — is essentially a time period when someone stays awake to watch over something or someone. These words come from Latin’s vigil which simply means “awake.” If you’re tasked with keeping a “vigil” over something, you absolutely must stay

3:13

Palaver

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/04/24

palaver — profuse and idle talk; chatter (this is the secondary meaning of “palaver” but it’s the one that concerns and is connected with the Spanish cognate)palabrería — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningA “palaver” can also mean a “conference” or discussion or a long parley between people of different cultures (which is where it first came into our language). In the sense of “conference,” the Spanish cognate would simply be “conferencia” and not “palabrería.”As to idle talk or chatter, the

4:15

Words for Sayings

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/04/17

Today we’re going to look at a few cognate duos that are all words for types of sayings that teach a lesson or relate fundamental truths.The first pairing.adage — a traditional saying that expresses a common experience or observationadagio — the Spanish cognate of the same meaning (The word “adagio” exists in English, too, but it refers to the way a musical piece is played slowly or the way a pair of dancers does some technical moves and has nothing to do with a “saying.”)My favorite adage is “Don’t

4:07

Gustation

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/03/20

Just looking at the above photo gives me “gustatory” delight, but until a few nights ago, I hadn’t heard this word. My boyfriend loves to watch cooking shows, and one of his favorites is “Beat Bobby Flay.” I was only halfway watching it, but Bobby spoke a sentence in which he used the word “gustatory.” One of Bobby’s celebrity hosts chuckled and repeated the word, and I experienced one of those mini-lightbulb epiphanies followed immediately by a figurative slap to my head and an interior

2:24

Primaveral

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/03/13

primaveral — an adjective meaning “relating to early springtime”primaveral — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningWhen I taught Spanish, the months of the year were easy for students to remember because all of them, except January/Enero, are cognate duos, but the four words for the seasons were difficult for them to remember because they don’t look anything like our English words. Some students had heard of a dish called pasta primavera, and they would pretend it was something you could only eat

3:50

Gelid

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/02/27

Anyone who enjoys taking a polar plunge knows how “gelid” the waters of a place like the one in the above photo can be.gelid — an adjective meaning “icy” or extremely coldgélido — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningThis winter has been especially “gelid” in my opinion, but I’m not fond of cold weather at all, so I may be exaggerating a bit (but only a bit). “Gelid” and its Spanish counterpart are not commonly used words, but knowing them will help you learn and remember a couple other useful

5:23

Caseous

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/02/13

caseous — cheesy or “resembling cheese”caseoso — the masculine Spanish cognate of the same meaningcaseosa — the feminine Spanish cognate of the same meaningThis is an English word that I wish I’d known when I was still teaching Spanish. Food vocabulary is extensive, yet the commonly used Spanish food words are an important part of any Spanish curriculum, and they are the words that teenagers most like to learn. One of the very common Spanish food words is “queso.” Many people know the word “queso”

2:57

Affable

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/01/29

affable — an adjective describing someone who is warm and friendly and pleasantly easy to talk toafable — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningThe more “affable” a television or radio host is, the better his or her show will do because people will want to talk to him, and viewers and listeners will want to tune in to listen. When we have problems, we want a friendly, avuncular guy or a warm, motherly woman to listen to us — we want an “affable” person, not some crude, shock jock.“Affable” comes to

4:19

Dispute

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/01/16

These two cats look as though they are about to go at it with each other. Perhaps, if they could speak, they could settle their problems through “disputation” instead.Let’s begin, though, with the word “dispute.”dispute — a noun meaning a quarrel or a verbal debate about somethingdisputa — the Spanish cognate of the same meanings, more commonly used for a quarrel“Dispute” can be used as a verb in English. Then it means “to engage in an argument or quarrel” or “to call into question or cast doubt

5:02

Incarnadine

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2023/01/02

incarnadine — an adjective that means “flesh-colored” or “pale pink” but that also means “blood-red” and “crimson”encarnado — the masculine Spanish adjective of the same meaningencarnada — the feminine Spanish adjective of the same meaningIn English, the word “incarnate” can also be used as an adjective meaning the same as the above words, but it more commonly means that something is “invested with a bodily or human form.” The above-mentioned Spanish words are the cognates for “incarnate” also, and

2:48

Refulgent

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/12/19

refulgent — an adjective meaning “shiny” or “brilliant”refulgente — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningThese two words come to us from Latin’s fulgēre which means “to shine.” The cognate duo of “fulgent” in English and “fulgente” in Spanish also come from that Latin verb. “Fulgent” and “fulgente” essentially mean the same as “refulgent” and “refulgente.” If something is “fulgent” then it is dazzlingly bright — in other words, it is “shiny.”Fulgēre gave rise to fulgur in Latin which led to the

4:56

Perdition

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/12/05

perdition — a noun meaning “eternal damnation” or “hell”perdiciόn — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningFirst, I’m going to share the following information taken from merriam-webster.com: Perdition began life as a word meaning "utter destruction"; that sense is now archaic, but it provides a clue about the origins of the word. "Perdition" was borrowed into English in the 14th century from Anglo-French perdiciun and ultimately derives from the Latin verb perdere, meaning "to destroy."That Latin

2:52

Grace

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/11/21

grace — for purposes of this word as a cognate, this means a pleasing effect or charmgracia — the Spanish cognate of the same meaning“Grace” has many definitions in English, and those translate in a variety of ways into Spanish, but the words “grace” and “gracia” come from Latin’s gratia which means “favor, charm, thanks.”It’s that last sense of the word upon which I want to focus your attention — “Thanks.” In Spanish, the word for “thanks” is “gracias.” Because of how commonly the word is used,

3:26

Adjutant

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/11/07

adjutant — one who assists or helps ayudante — the Spanish cognate of the same meaningAt first glance, you might not think these two words are cognates because of the variations in their spellings, but they are. “Cognate,” by definition, simply means that things are related by a common ancestor, and these two words descend from the same Latin word of adjūtāre. Knowing that the job of an “adjutant” is to “help” someone else, makes learning and remembering the very common Spanish verb of “ayudar” much

3:47

Phantasma

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/10/31

phantasma — a specter or apparition or something created by the imagination or fancyfantasma — the Spanish cognate of the same meanings (the word is the same in Italian and Portuguese, too, with slight differences in pronunciation, and it is spelled only slightly differently in French — fantasme)You may be wondering if I’ve accidently added a letter to the word “phantasm,” but I assure you that the word “phantasma” also exists in English; however, “phantasm” is more commonly used. Lesser used but

4:46

Epistle

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/10/17

If you didn’t open my email last week, I want to explain again that since I’ve been writing “Cognate Cognizance” for over a year now, I’ve decided to make two posts a month available only to paying subscribers. That will start next week. If you enjoy receiving these each week and feel that they are beneficial to you, then please opt to become a paying subscriber — it’s only 5.00 per month or 55.00 for a year. By becoming a paying subscriber, you will help me continue to do the one thing I truly love

4:58

Rugose

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/10/10

rugose — an adjective meaning “wrinkled” or being full of wrinklesrugoso — the masculine Spanish and Italian cognate of the same meaningrugosa — the feminine Spanish and Italian cognate of the same meaningThese cognates come from the Latin ruga which means “wrinkle.” The word “ruga” exists in English, too, where it refers to an anatomical wrinkle or fold found inside us, like in our stomach lining. When you look it up, it says it is usually used in a plural sense as “rugae.” That plural form can be

4:18

Hurricane

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/10/03

Over 500 years ago, Columbus headed west out of Spain on his historical trip. Whether you credit him with “finding” what is now known as the Americas or not, he encountered an indigenous group of people called the Taíno in the Caribbean, and that encounter led to the introduction of certain words into the Spanish language through word borrowing. When one culture comes into contact with a different culture and learns of things that do not exist back home, then that first culture will often “borrow”

3:38

Salient

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/09/26

salient — an adjective meaning that something is prominent or conspicuous or projects out, like a “salient nose”saliente — the Spanish cognate of the same meaning, a “nariz saliente”I’m going to admit that I didn’t know this word until I began teaching a Linguistics class about ten years ago. In that class, my primary focus was on increasing my students’ vocabularies by having them learn less-common words and the roots of those words, so they would begin to see the correlation between them and other

3:38

Anniversary

Cognate Cognizance Podcast ·

2022/09/19

I’ve been writing these word posts for a year now. It’s hard to believe. I’ve covered over a hundred words and their cognates because I started this as a twice weekly posting, but then I decided to drop it down to once a week. If you’ve been with me from the start, thanks for sticking with me. If you’ve joined somewhere along the way, thanks for coming along for the ride. I’m going to continue doing these. The hope and even the plan is still to compile them into a book a some point, but for now,

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