PODCAST

Science History Podcast

Frank A. von Hippel

Monthly interviews on important moments in the history of science.

science chemistry

All Episodes

59:00

Episode 23. Human Evolutionary Genetics: Jason Wilder

Science History Podcast ·

2019/10/11

Due to recent technological advances, scientists have revolutionized our understanding of human evolutionary history. What appeared to be a relatively simple story of divergence from ancient hominids is instead a tangled mess involving repeated cycles of divergence and hybridization between evolving human species. Today my guest is Jason Wilder, who researches human evolutionary genetics and genomics. We discuss the genetics of malaria resistance and parallel evolution, CCR5 deficiency and

50:52

Episode 22. Sex Differences in the Brain: Margaret...

Science History Podcast ·

2019/09/11

The brain is the most enigmatic of organs – it is really a collection of organs that undergoes a remarkable coordinated development that is driven in part by sex steroids. Today my guest is Margaret McCarthy, one of the leading researchers on sex differences in the brain. Here, we cover the history of research on sex and the brain, including the utility of animal models, the roles of hormones and sensitive periods in brain development, masculinization vs. feminization of the brain, epigenetic

01:03:54

Episode 21. Plutonium: Frank N. von Hippel

Science History Podcast ·

2019/08/11

Today we explore the history of plutonium with Frank von Hippel, a retired but always active professor at Princeton University, where, in 1975, he co-founded Princeton’s Program on Science and Global Security in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. In the 1980s, Frank was the chairman of the Federation of American Scientists, and in the Clinton Administration he was the Assistant Director for National Security in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

01:38:25

Episode 20. Gravitational Waves: Nobel Laureate Rai...

Science History Podcast ·

2019/07/11

We explore the history of the discovery of gravitational waves with Rai Weiss, including the relevance to special and general relativity, pulsars, supernovae, merging and binary black holes, space and time, neutron star collisions, dark matter, cosmic background radiation, gamma ray bursts, and even the viscosity of neutrinos. We also discuss really small numbers, the origin of the NSF and NASA, the LIGO scientific collaboration, the politics of science, and what all this has to do with Albert

34:29

Episode 19. Yellow Rain: Matthew Meselson

Science History Podcast ·

2019/06/11

In this supplemental episode with Matthew Meselson, I accepted his invitation to visit him in his office at Harvard, where we discussed yellow rain incidents in Southeast Asia. Meselson received his appointment as an Associate Professor of biology at Harvard in 1960 and his full professorship in 1964. He has been at Harvard ever since. Meselson has received many prominent awards throughout his career, including from the National Academy of Sciences, the Federation of American Scientists, the New

02:30:09

Episode 18. Herbicidal Warfare: Matthew Meselson

Science History Podcast ·

2019/05/11

Matthew Meselson organized the Herbicide Assessment Commission in 1970, which investigated the use of Agent Orange and other defoliants in Vietnam. The work of the commission helped to end Operation Ranch Hand, in which the United States sprayed nearly 20 million gallons – about 73 million liters - of herbicides and defoliants over the rainforest and mangrove forest canopies of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. I called Meselson to ask about his role in the Herbicide Assessment Commission, along with a

33:42

Episode 17. Cooperation: Robert Axelrod

Science History Podcast ·

2019/04/11

We live in a surreal and dangerous time – autocrats are on the rise and societies are regressing toward ethnic competition. Given this political moment, I decided to dedicate an episode of the podcast to the history of research on cooperation. My guest, Robert Axelrod, has been a professor of political science and public policy at the University of Michigan since 1974. Prior to that, he was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of

01:15:03

Episode 16. Forensic Science: Bruce Budowle

Science History Podcast ·

2019/03/11

How did modern molecular biology become an integral component of forensic science? My guest, Bruce Budowle, played key roles in the development of genetic and microbial forensics, and he explains significant events in forensic science over the past four decades. Bruce joined the research unit of the FBI Laboratory Division in 1983 and rose in the ranks to become the Chief of the Forensic Science Research Unit and the Senior Scientist for the Laboratory Division. In 2009, Bruce left the FBI to become

01:33:26

Episode 15. Bioterrorism: Paul Keim

Science History Podcast ·

2019/02/11

Shortly after the al-Qaida terror attacks of September 11, 2001, a second wave of terror swept the United States – this time bioterrorism with anthrax mailed in letters as the weapon. Today my guest is Paul Keim, the scientist who conducted the genetic sleuthing and tracked down the source of the anthrax. Paul is the recipient of numerous scientific honors, and he is a professor of biological sciences at Northern Arizona University, where he directs the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute. In addition

27:48

Episode 14. Aquaporins: Nobel Laureate Peter Agre

Science History Podcast ·

2019/01/11

One of the greatest mysteries in biology, until 1991, was how water moves across cell membranes. Today’s episode focuses on the history of the discovery of aquaporins, or proteins that act as water channels in cell membranes. My guest is Peter Agre, recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of aquaporins. Among many other honors and leadership roles across his career, Peter became a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2000 and served as President of the American

52:56

Episode 13. Water Sanitation: Dennis Warner

Science History Podcast ·

2018/12/11

In 1854, in the Soho district of London, cholera swept through the population. The physician John Snow investigated the cause of the outbreak and hypothesized that it was due to contaminated water. So began the field of epidemiology. Today’s episode focuses on water quality, sanitation and disease. My guest is Dennis Warner, who has worked for forty years in the field of water supply and sanitation, including for Catholic Relief Services, the Peace Corps, the University of Dar es Salaam, Duke

49:41

Episode 12. Climate Change: John Matthews

Science History Podcast ·

2018/11/11

The effects of human induced climate change, predicted over a century ago, are already with us. My guest, John Matthews, is the coordinator at the Alliance for Global Water Adaptation, which is a network of water and climate professionals working towards solutions for sustainable water resources management on both technical and policy fronts. In today’s episode, we look back at some of the history of climate change research and water resources management, and peer a little into the future of a

53:08

Episode 11. Winston Churchill’s Science, Part 2:...

Science History Podcast ·

2018/10/11

Winston Churchill’s outsized role and oratory in wartime, from the Great Boer War at the turn of the century to World War II, are well known. Beyond politics and battle, Churchill also displayed a keen interest in technological development and scientific advancement, the subject of today’s podcast, which is part 2 of a two-part series. To explore Churchill’s connection to science and technology, I interviewed Jim Muller. Jim is a Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of

56:36

Episode 10. Winston Churchill’s Science, Part 1:...

Science History Podcast ·

2018/09/11

The 20th century was a time of unparalleled advancement in science and technology, along with the associated destruction caused by two world wars. I think the most important person to positively influence the 20th century was Winston Churchill. His importance was especially pronounced during World War II, in which his leadership may well have saved the world from long-term Nazi tyranny. But Churchill played key roles in many realms of life, and especially in literature. Indeed, Churchill was

55:40

Episode 9. British Explorers, Part 2: Andrea Hart and...

Science History Podcast ·

2018/08/11

The Natural History Museum in London houses the greatest collection of natural history specimens in the world, collected for centuries by British explorers and scientists. In Part 2 of this episode on British explorers, my guests Andrea Hart and Max Barclay explain the role that these specimens and associated artwork played in the development of major scientific advances. Foremost among these specimens are the beetles, which held an outsized role in the history of evolutionary biology as well as

01:02:16

Episode 8. British Explorers, Part 1: Ian Owens

Science History Podcast ·

2018/07/11

The Natural History Museum in London houses the greatest collection of natural history specimens in the world, collected for centuries by British explorers and scientists. From Captain Cook’s discovery of Australia and Charles Darwin’s voyage on the Beagle to the doomed Terra Nova Expedition to Antarctica led by Robert Scott, a steady stream of invaluable specimens has traversed the globe in order to be archived and studied. Taking us through this history is my guest, Ian Owens, the Director of

38:42

Episode 7. Animal Intelligence: Irene Pepperberg

Science History Podcast ·

2018/06/11

For over half a century, innovative scientists have tested the abilities of animals to learn to communicate using human systems, such as American Sign Language with chimps and gorillas. One could go back even farther in time, to the start of the 20th century, when the German mathematics teacher Wilhelm von Osten trained his Russian trotting horse Hans to answer questions, do simple math, and discriminate consonant vs. dissonant musical chords, all by nodding his head, tapping a hoof, pointing his

30:04

Episode 6. Chemical Causes of Obesity: Bruce Blumberg

Science History Podcast ·

2018/05/11

The obesity epidemic has spread throughout much of the world and is one of the leading drivers of impaired health and skyrocketing healthcare costs. In today’s episode, we are focusing on a neglected aspect of the obesity epidemic – the role played by exposure to toxic chemicals in our food, water, and the environment. Walking us through the history of this new field of research – investigations on obesogenic chemicals – is one of the leading researchers of the field, Bruce Blumberg. Bruce is a

33:54

Episode 5. Explorers and Extinction in Hawaii: Dan Lewis

Science History Podcast ·

2018/04/11

Today we are exploring natural history investigations in the Hawaiian archipelago. My guest, Dan Lewis, is a research professor of history at Claremont Graduate University and the Dibner Senior Curator of the History of Science and Technology at the Huntington Library. Today’s podcast is coincident with the publication of Dan’s new book, entitled: Belonging on an Island. Birds, Extinction, and Evolution in Hawaii, published by Yale University Press.

52:18

Episode 4. Finding Pluto: Kevin Schindler and Will...

Science History Podcast ·

2018/03/11

The discovery and subsequent study of Pluto has captivated the public for nearly a century. Even the question of whether Pluto should be categorized as a planet or a dwarf planet has stirred passionate debate, but the implications of discoveries related to Pluto go far beyond the identification of an icy world at the outer edge of the solar system. My guests today are Kevin Schindler and Will Grundy, both of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, where Pluto was discovered. Kevin is a

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