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PODCAST

core.py

Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa

We talk about Python internals, because we work on Python internals. We joke about stuff, because we’re jokers. Episodes between 60 and 90 minutes in length. We’ve done more than a few so far and it doesn’t seem like we’ll be stopping any time soon! Hi Loren!

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All Episodes

01:16:43

Episode 28: 2025 In Review

core.py ·

2026/01/03

Let's take a breather from heavy content and take a look back at last year in this light but spicy episode! The good, the less good, and the disgusting. All that in barely an hour!## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:01:32) Pablo Galindo SPACE(00:06:20) PART 1: 2025 - the good, the uncertain, and the disgusting(00:07:06) Good: free threading(00:15:34) Good: remote debugging(00:17:31) Good: Python Installation Manager on Windows(00:19:44) The juicy bits(00:20:12) Uncertain: the JIT(00:21:04)

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02:05:40

Calling Things, Part 1

core.py ·

2025/12/07

Inside of you there are two stacks. Actually, there’s three. The system-level call stack, the CPython call stack, and the interpreter’s evaluation stack. What is all that about? Today we’ll talk about how synchronous Python function calls work. Async stuff comes next time!## TimestampsHere you go — all square brackets changed to parentheses:(00:00:00) INTRO(00:02:28) PART 1: CALLING THINGS(00:04:19) The Lawful Good Language(00:13:18) Why is there a call stack?(00:19:45) Python functions are not tied

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02:18:19

Episode 26.2: CPython Sprint Week in Cambridge UK,...

core.py ·

2025/10/25

More interviews from the core sprint! This time we have: Greg P. Smith, Thomas Wouters, Paul Ganssle, Pradyun Gedam, Carol Willing, Guido van Rossum, Brett Cannon, Erlend Aasland, Tal Einat, Lysandros Nikolaou, Yury Selivanov, and Diego Russo -- the organizer himself.## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:01:51) Greg P. Smith(00:07:57) Thomas Wouters(00:16:33) Paul Ganssle(00:28:28) Pradyun Gedam(00:34:02) Carol Willing(00:43:32) Guido van Rossum(00:55:39) Brett Cannon(01:10:01) Erlend Aasland(01:14:05)

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02:24:53

Episode 26.1: CPython Sprint Week in Cambridge UK,...

core.py ·

2025/10/15

What? What do you mean this two-and-a-half hour episode is PART 1? Well, there were fifty people at the sprint in September. We interviewed thirty of them. In Part 1 you can hear from 18 of them: Ken Jin, Alex Waygood, Russell Keith-Magee, Sam Gross, Steve Dower, Dino Viehland, Petr Viktorin, Peter Bierma, Eric V. Smith, Hugo van Kemenade, Savannah Bailey, Eric Snow, Brandt Bucher, Antonio Cuni, Larry Hastings, Hood Chatham, Victor Stinner, and Mark Shannon.## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:02:43)

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02:01:23

Episode 25: A Python That Never Was

core.py ·

2025/08/26

What if some rejected PEPs were actually accepted? How would Python look today? Let's go through 10 PEPs from the past and imagine an alternative future for the language!## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:01:00) PART 1: What if rejected PEPs were accepted?(00:02:15) PEP 638: Syntactic Macros(00:13:53) PEP 505: None-aware operators(00:37:12) PEP 671: Late-bound function argument defaults(00:44:40) PEP 335: Overloadable Boolean Operators(00:50:53) PEP 3136: Labeled break and continue(00:52:49) PEP

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01:42:23

The Megahertz

core.py ·

2025/07/12

Python 3.14? That's old news. Let's talk about the first big feature of Python 3.15 -- a built-in sampling profiler for Linux, macOS, and Windows. We also cover improvements in perf support, discuss memory.python.org, and as usual, recent changes in the codebase.## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:02:43) PART 1: THE SAMPLING PROFILER(00:05:07) Built-in profile is bad, long live cProfile(00:10:54) Out-of-process profiling(00:12:18) Shortcuts Compromise Accuracy, Leading Eventually to Numerous

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01:36:11

PyCon US 2025 Recap

core.py ·

2025/06/13

We’ve been gone a while. Here’s our excuse for being silent for a month: PyCon, PyCon, something something security. Come listen to how the conference looked like from our perspective! And whatever you do, DO NOT upgrade to Python 3.13.4.## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:01:06) PART 1: LANGUAGE SUMMIT(00:04:47) A bit about the Summit talks(00:06:19) Is free-threading happening?(00:09:20) Łukasz and his favorite discussion item at the Summit(00:13:38) Find actual competent coverage of the Summit on

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01:19:11

Beta Frenzy

core.py ·

2025/05/06

Python 3.14 Beta 1 is coming! And that means we reach feature freeze. BUT QUICK, there’s still time to squeeze in one last thing!## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:01:58) PART 1: Template strings(00:07:10) PART 2: Asyncio Introspection(00:29:07) PART 3: Syntax highlighting(00:43:00) PART 4: Color themes(00:50:56) PART 5: Debugging a remote process with pdb(01:01:35) PART 6: Python Installation Manager for Windows(01:05:29) PART 7: Worship(01:08:53) PART 8: What else is happening?(01:16:03) OUTRO

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01:57:34

Episode 21: A Garbage Episode

core.py ·

2025/04/17

We talked about this episode for months now, and it's finally here. Garbage collection in its full glory. Classic and free-threaded. Generational and single-pass. With eager and delayed untracking. We cover it all! Explicitly.## Timestamps(00:00:00) THE FUCKING INTRO(00:02:03) PART 0: SPORTS NEWS(00:03:19) PART 1: GARBAGE COLLECTION(00:03:57) The big problem with refcounting(00:08:35) Solving reference cycles through PyGC_Head(00:11:45) 64 bits ought to be enough for anybody(00:17:30) Why a

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01:44:20

Episode 20: Remote Code Execution By Design

core.py ·

2025/03/24

In this episode, Pablo's avoiding the topic of garbage collection by talking about his latest PEP, which allows unprecedented interaction with a running Python process. We also resolve the bet about reference counting semantics, mention some notable changes in Python since the last episode, and discuss syntax highlighting in PyREPL and why it's bad, actually.## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:02:16) PART 1: PABLO'S LATEST PEP(00:04:34) gdb is IMPOSSIBLE(00:12:49) Make the process run code

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02:07:21

Episode 19: Async hacks, unicorns and velociraptors

core.py ·

2025/03/08

In this asynchronous episode we're interviewing a fellow core developer Yury Selivanov to talk about asyncio's past and future, composable design, immutability, and databases you'd actually like using. We also broke the 2-hour episode barrier!## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:01:33) PART 1: INTERVIEW(00:02:27) What drives you?(00:04:47) How do you choose what to work on?(00:08:10) Hyperfocus(00:09:28) Things from Rust that Python could use(00:14:50) Nothing is sacred when you depend on

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01:39:07

Episode 18: Reference Counting

core.py ·

2025/01/24

After we talked about memory allocation in Python back in Episode 16, we're ready to complain, uh, explain reference counting. Or at least throw a bunch of reference counting facts at you. Plus a big assortment of recent Python changes. You ready?## Timestamps (00:00:00) INTRO (00:04:17) PART 0: SPORTS NEWS (00:06:53) PART 1: REFERENCE COUNTING (00:08:28) New segment of 2025 (00:13:54) C++ is asymptotic Python (00:15:37) Is Rust game yet? (00:18:01) Names (00:20:25) Breaking the

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01:45:06

Episode 17: Argparse, JIT, and balloons with Savannah...

core.py ·

2024/11/19

Meet our newest member of the core developer team, Savannah! Currently at Snowflake, she also worked with development tools at Docker and Microsoft, but also flew drones over forests. In terms of CPython, Savannah works on argparse and the JIT, but that's not her last word.# Timestamps (00:00:00) INTRO (00:01:26) PART 1: INTERVIEW WITH SAVANNAH OSTROWSKI (00:02:12) Beginnings as a Python user (00:04:14) Carol Willing's nudge (00:06:55) First PR (00:08:56) Psychological damage from

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01:45:52

Episode 16: Memory Allocation

core.py ·

2024/10/29

How does Python handle memory? Why does it need to perform custom forms of memory allocation? We talk about all that in this episode. We don't talk about Easter eggs, and we never mention Brandt by name, as promised last time!## Timestamps (00:00:00) INTRO (00:00:22) PART 0: SPORTS NEWS (00:01:57) PART 1: MEMORY ALLOCATION (00:03:46) If you write C correctly, it manages memory for you (00:05:38) malloc and the heap (00:09:31) High-level allocators (00:10:48) pymalloc (00:11:15) 512 is a good

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01:56:03

Episode 15: Core sprint at Meta

core.py ·

2024/10/03

Over 40 core developers spent a week in Bellevue WA putting finishing touches on Python 3.13, planning, prototyping, and implementing features for Python 3.14. We talked to half of them. We laughed, we cried. We were happy watching graphs go up, and sad watching them go down. It was intense. There was even cake, no joke!## Timestamps(00:00:00) INTRO(00:02:05) PART 1: THE CAKE IS NOT A LIE(00:04:09) Interview with sprint organizer Itamar Oren(00:07:48) Surprise waffle machine(00:08:36) PART 2:

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01:30:50

Episode 14: Integration Events

core.py ·

2024/09/03

We’ve been gone all Summer, visiting two European conferences in the mean time. In this episode we’re talking about them both, talks we liked, as well as our own talks at those events. In a rare turn of events, this one was recorded in person at Łukasz’s home studio in Poznań!## Outline (00:00:00) INTRO (00:01:30) PART 1: EuroPython highlights (00:02:03) Maintaining pyrepl forward with pypy (00:05:51) Mai Giménez and her keynote (00:09:30) Yuliia Barabash and Laysa Uchoa talk memory

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01:51:55

Episode 13: A Legit Episode

core.py ·

2024/06/29

In this lucky episode we're interviewing fellow core developer Brandt Bucher to talk about Justin, Swedish warships, and the n-body benchmark. We're also breaking the duration record with this one. We promise we'll get faster in future releases!## Outline (00:00:00) INTRO (00:01:43) PART 1: BRANDT BUCHER INTERVIEW (00:03:04) Beginnings of contribution (00:06:29) Sticking around (00:09:38) PEP work: pattern matching, dict unions, weird decorators (00:13:07) Implementing pattern

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01:24:55

Episode 12: WTF Python

core.py ·

2024/06/10

You think you know Python? We thought so, too. Join us for an episode of surprises. You might know some of those, but you sure don't know all of them.## Outline (00:00:00) INTRO (00:02:22) Integer interning with a twist (00:10:58) Return in finally (00:15:32) all([[]]) (00:20:06) Lists, iterators and hashing shenanigans (00:27:08) hash(-1) (00:31:30) String interning (00:34:23) PR OF THE WEEK (00:34:56) asyncio REPL now uses pyrepl, too (00:44:06) PyOS_InputHook (00:51:56) WHAT'S GOING ON IN

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00:30:30

Episode 11: Live from PyCon 2024

core.py ·

2024/05/28

Who says we can't do short episodes? Well, it was a challenge! But with the help of some gentle conference schedule pressure, here's our first sub-hour episode. We're discussing the language summit, answering audience questions, and behaving like serious professionals, as usual.## Outline (00:00:00) INTRO (00:02:01) PEP 602 tweaks: 2 years of bug fix releases (00:02:45) CalVer for Python versions? (00:04:51) In Python there's this thing called the C API (00:08:51) More about

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01:22:51

Episode 10: The Interactive REPL

core.py ·

2024/05/03

Oof, no episode in April, huh? Yeah, we're getting close to Python 3.13 beta 1. PyCon US is also coming up real soon. Let's use this opportunity then to talk about a feature we're teaming up on: a better interactive interpreter!## Outline (00:00:00) INTRO (00:01:53) PART 1: History of Terminals (00:03:20) /dev/tty (00:04:51) The first cool word (00:05:45) Chrząszcz (00:06:20) Control code characters in ASCII (00:11:54) PART 2: Python REPL Today (00:12:34) There is no

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