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South Carolina from A to Z

Historian and author Walter Edgar mines the riches of the South Carolina Encyclopedia to bring you South Carolina from A to Z. South Carolina from A to Z is a production of South Carolina Public Radio in partnership with the University of South Carolina Press and SC Humanities.

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“M” is for Mount Dearborn Armory

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/26

“M” is for Mount Dearborn Armory. Situated on an island in the Catawba River in Chester County, Mount Dearborn was initially conceived and selected by President George Washington to be one of the nation's three national arsenal-armories. In 1802 Secretary of War Henry Dearborn purchased 523 acres near the village of Rocky Mount. By early 1804 construction began on the magazine and arsenal, but the armory was never constructed. By 1807 the army refocused its defensive priorities on

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0:59

“G” is for Grimké, Sarah Moore (1792-1873), and...

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/25

“G” is for Grimké, Sarah Moore (1792-1873), and Angelina Emily Grimké (1805-1879.) Abolitionists. Born into the upper echelon of antebellum Charleston society, the Grimké sisters first became involved in the public sphere through charity work in Charleston. Through their social work they began to challenge the contradictions between the teachings of Christian faith and the laws and practices of slaveholding society. Sarah began spending more time in Philadelphia and Angelina embraced

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“C” is for Columbia, burning of (February 17-18, 1865)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/24

“C” is for Columbia, burning of (February 17-18, 1865). On the morning of February 17, 1865, when the mayor surrendered Columbia to General Sherman, the city was in chaos. Drunken mobs roamed the streets. Ragged cotton bales were everywhere. Driven by a strong wind, loose cotton covered the city like a snowstorm. Fires broke out in different sections of town. Driven by wooden buildings and burning wooden shingles, the fires spread rapidly. When Union forces got control of the streets on the

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“C” is for Columbia

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/23

“C” is for Columbia (Richland County: 2020 population 136,632). Named for Christopher Columbus and created in 1786 as the nation's first truly planned capital city, Columbia has a unique history that took shape in the wilderness near the geographic center of South Carolina. Since 1790 Columbia has continued to be a multifaceted community that defies easy classification. It is home to colleges but is clearly not a college town. It built cotton mills and acquired a huge military base but did

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01:00

“R” is for Rutledge, John (ca.1739-1800)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/22

“R” is for Rutledge, John (ca.1739-1800). Lawyer, jurist, governor. A native Carolinian, Rutledge studied law at the Middle Temple in London. From 1761 to 1775, he was one of the leaders in the Commons House of Assembly. He represented his colony at the Stamp Act Congress and was a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses. When events made reconciliation with Great Britain impossible, Rutledge reluctantly accepted independence as a necessity. Under the state constitution of

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0:59

“P” is for Port Royal, Battle of (November 7, 1861)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/19

“P” is for Port Royal, Battle of (November 7, 1861). The Battle of Port Royal culminated an amphibious operation designed to establish a United States military depot on the islands on the southeastern coast to carry out land and sea operations against the Confederacy. Fort Walker on Hilton Head and Fort Beauregard on Bay Point defended Port Royal Sound. After nearly five hours of fighting, the Confederates evacuated Fort Walker and Fort Beauregard and fled inland, abandoning Beaufort and

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0:59

“M” is for Moultrie flag

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/18

“M” is for Moultrie flag. In January 1776, the South Carolina Council of Safety sent Colonel William Moultrie, commander of the Second South Carolina Regiment at Fort Sullivan, twenty-three yards of blue cloth. In the colonel's memoirs he wrote: “it was thought necessary to have a flag for the purpose of signals: (there was no national or state flag at the time) I was desired by the council of safety to have one made, upon which as the state troops were clothed in blue and the fort was

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“M” is for Moultrie, William (1730-1805)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/17

“M” is for Moultrie, William (1730-1805). Soldier, governor. Born in Charleston, in 1752 Moultrie won election to the Commons House of Assembly. Over the next four decades he was a fixture in South Carolina government, representing various lowcountry parishes and royal, revolutionary, and state assemblies almost continuously until his retirement from public life in 1794. He achieved national fame on July 28th, 1776, when as commander he successfully defended Fort Sullivan against the

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01:00

“M “is for Moultrie, John, Jr. (1729-1798)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/16

“M “is for Moultrie, John, Jr. (1729-1798.) Physician, planter, political leader. Born in Charleston, Moultrie was the first native-born American to receive a medical degree from the University of Edinburgh. In 1761 he participated in the expedition against the Cherokees and in the same year elected to the Commons House of Assembly. In 1764 the governor of British East Florida (newly acquired from Spain) appointed Moultrie to his council. Moultrie moved to Florida and soon became the

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0:59

“H” is for Hurricanes

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/15

“H” is for Hurricanes. The term “hurricane” comes from the West Indian word “huracan” which means “big wind” and is used to describe severe tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and the eastern Pacific Ocean. From the earliest days of European settlement in South Carolina, there have been references to West Indian storms that we would now call hurricanes. The hurricane season runs from July through October. The worst hurricane ever to hit the state was the

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“G is for Grimké, John Faucheraud (1752-1819)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/12

“G is for Grimké, John Faucheraud (1752-1819). Legislator, jurist. Grimké was born in Charleston and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1775 he organized an artillery unit for service in the Revolutionary War. In 1780 he was captured and imprisoned by the British but escaped to join General Nathanael Greene's army. In 1782 Grimké began the first of five terms in the General Assembly, including a term as Speaker of the House. In 1783 he was appointed an associate justice of the Court

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01:00

“C” is for Colonoware

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/11

“C” is for Colonoware. On historic-period sites in South Carolina, archaeologists often find locally made, hand-built, unglazed pottery that was fired in open hearths rather than kilns. Vessels and sherds of this ware may be found on the sites of Indian camps and villages, the city lots of Charleston and other towns, underwater near wharves and ferries, and on small farms and large plantations. This broad class of pottery has been termed colonoware. Colonoware is most closely associated

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0:59

“C” is for colonial agents

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/10

“C” is for colonial agents. The overseas market for rice, South Carolina ‘s principal export was restricted by Parliamentary legislation. How could South Carolina get parliament to pay attention to its particular concerns? The answer was a colonial agent, paid for by the colony’s Commons House of Assembly. The colonial agent regularly reported to the Commons House on matters of interest to the colony. As a result of lobbying by its colonial agent, South Carolina was allowed after 1730 to

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0:59

“C” is for Colleton County

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/09

“C” is for Colleton County (1,056 square miles; 2020 population 38,604). Colleton County was one of the three original counties organized in the English province of Carolina in 1682. However, the county was divided into three parishes by 1730 which took over most county responsibilities. Lying south and west of Charleston between the Stono and Combahee Rivers, the current boundaries of the county date from 1868 when the parishes were abolished. Colleton is the fifth largest county in the

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0:59

“B” is for Boyce, Ker (1787-1854)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/12/08

“B” is for Boyce, Ker (1787-1854). Merchant, bank president. Born in Newberry District, Boyce opened a store in the town of Newberry in 1814. After prospering as a young upcountry merchant, he opened a store on King Street in Charleston and later established a factorage and commission house. As he prospered, he invested in other enterprises and from 1837 to 1841 he was president of the Bank of Charleston. Boyce represented Charleston in the S. C. House of Representatives (1832-1839) and in

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"S” is for Sothel, Seth (d. 1694)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/11/28

"S” is for Sothel, Seth (d. 1694). Proprietory, governor. In 1675 Sothel was granted 12,000 acres near Charleston to establish a settlement. Before this transpired, he purchased the Clarendon proprietorship in 1677 and agreed to undertake the government of North Carolina. From 1682 to 1688 Governor Sothel ruled Carolina (or Albemarle as it was called) with considerable skill. A coup in 1689 forced the governor into exile and he eventually found his way to Charleston where the colonists were

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0:59

"S” is for Sonoco

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/11/27

“S” is for Sonoco. This Hartsville-based international packaging manufacturer had its beginnings in the late nineteenth century, when Major James Lide Coker and his son James, Jr. became the first to successfully produce paper from pine wood pulp. The Cokers made a modest investment in equipment and began making cones for the southern textile industry with paper produced by their pulp mill. In 1899, the cone-making enterprise was formally organized as the Southern Novelty Company with Major

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November 26, 2025

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/11/26

November 26, 2025

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01:00

“S” is for Smyth, Thomas (1808-1873)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/11/25

“S” is for Smyth, Thomas (1808-1873). Clergyman, author. Born in Ireland, Smyth immigrated with his parents to the United States. At Princeton Theological Seminary, he came under the influence of conservative Presbyterian theologians. In 1831 Smyth was called to the be the supply pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in Charleston. Three years later he was called to be the congregation’s duly installed pastor, a position he held until 1870. Smyth moved in a circle of conservative

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0:59

“S” is for Smyth, Ellison Adger (1847-1942)

South Carolina from A to Z ·

2025/11/24

“S” is for Smyth, Ellison Adger (1847-1942). Industrialist. A Charleston native, Smyth’s business career began after the Civil War when he took a position as a junior clerk with a hardware wholesaler. By the end of the 1870s he was convinced that it was better to invest in the emerging textile industry of the upstate than in Charleston. In cooperation with Charleston capitalist Francis J. Pelzer, Smyth decided to organize a cotton mill on the Saluda River in Anderson County. The first mill

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