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PODCAST

Clinical Signs

Dr. Matthew Panarella

This podcast is my take on topics in veterinary medicine relating primarily to dogs and cats. My mission is to educate and inform, for the general public, veterinarians and veterinary nurses. All are welcome. If you are interested in science, animals and veterinary medicine please give this podcast a try! Contact me with questions/comments at: askdrmatt@proton.me

science life sciences

All Episodes

22:08

More Potpourri

Clinical Signs ·

2024/02/15

In this episode I discuss 4 topics:Muscle origin and insertionStrain vs. SprainWater intoxicationPyometraI enjoy these potpourri episodes ideas arise from my own experiences and what I see in the news. Thankfully there are no links today. I am of the belief if you really are interested you will do your own research. When it comes to hardcore medical facts I will give you good links.Thank you and see you soon.

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15:54

Canine Parainfluenza Virus

Clinical Signs ·

2024/01/10

Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) as a sole disease agent is typically occurs as a mild, self limiting upper respiratory infection of dogs. Dogs are especially susceptible to CPIV in a crowded environment such as a kennel or animal shelter. CPIV is also one of the infectious agents that can be a component of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (CITB) also known as kennel cough.Clinical signs associated with CPIV infection range from none to a mucoid nasal discharge, fever and dry, hacking cough. The

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25:04

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Clinical Signs ·

2023/12/20

In this episode I discuss Infectious Canine hepatitis (ICH), a viral disease of dogs caused by Canine Adenovirus 1. ICH is one of the recommended core vaccines of dogs, per the AAHA guideline. This disease today would mostly effect young dogs, up to one year of age, especially the unvaccinated. The disease may cause many clinical signs such as mild cases only showing a slight clear nasal discharge, more serious cases showing fever, uveitis (inflammation of the inner layer of blood vessels in the

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22:43

Canine Distemper

Clinical Signs ·

2023/12/06

This episode covers canine distemper, caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). CDV may have originated from the human measles virus over 1000 years ago in South America. CDV can be a devastating disease in dogs and other carnivores such as lions and other mammals such as sea lions. The virus is worldwide and can affect all dogs. There are many clinical signs such as fever, lethargy, oculonasal discharge and pneumonia. In addition, severe and long term neurologic signs can occur such as myoclonus

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22:56

Electrolytes and Cell Function

Clinical Signs ·

2023/11/24

In this episode I discuss electrolytes (also called ions) such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K). These are elements from the periodic table that are essential for life. These electrolytes in an animals body exist in the blood, in the cell and between cells (called the interstitial space). The body maintains homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms, including the inflow and outflow of these electrolytes to the cell. This movement of electrolytes is called diffusion and it creates small electrical

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35:06

Corticosteroids, Just the Facts Parts 2

Clinical Signs ·

2023/10/27

In this episode, part 2 of corticosteroids, I review the side effects, precautions, drug interactions, testing recommendations and therapeutic uses.Also, I present my first 5 minute rant (5MR). I hope to occasionally give you a 5 minute or less rant on various topics, some veterinary some not.For those of you wanting to skip the rant, here are the segment time stamps:Introduction 0:0-0:185MR 0:18-6:58Corticosteroids Part 2 6:58-35:06If you have questions regarding the health of your pet or any

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29:09

Corticosteroids, Just the Facts

Clinical Signs ·

2023/10/10

In this first of two episodes I discuss steroids, specifically corticosteroids. There are two types of corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone primarily function to maintain the electrolyte balance in the body. One of the chief ways cells function is through the flow of electrolytes into and out of the cell. Glucocorticoids are created in the adrenal gland and primarily regulate inflammation in the body. There is a feedback system within the

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21:20

NSAIDS-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Clinical Signs ·

2023/09/24

In this episode I review NSAIDS (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs). NSAIDS are used to reduce fever (antipyretic), for pain relief (analgesia) and reduce swelling (antiinflammatory). For humans, there are numerous OTC (over the counter) NSAIDS available. There are also FDA approved veterinary NSAIDS as well as generic versions available for the veterinarian.NSAIDS are potent drugs that must be used with caution in your pet. A valid VCPR (veterinarian-client-patient relationship) must exist for

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19:34

Heartworm Disease

Clinical Signs ·

2023/09/05

This episode discusses heart worm disease, caused by the internal parasite Dirofilaria immitis. The disease can affect all dogs, cats and ferrets. This is a vector born disease, transmitted by a mosquito bite. The heartworm life cycle is partially completed in the mosquito and finished in the animal that is bitten. Heartworms live in a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria Wolbachia, that live in the GI tract of the heartworm. Reservoirs in the environment include other dogs, wolves, fox and

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21:29

Blood Clots: Thrombosis and Embolism

Clinical Signs ·

2023/08/12

In this episode I discuss both thrombosis and embolisms. A thrombosis is a blood clot, an embolism can be a blood clot, but not always. Other types of emboli include fat and air.Clinical signs of a clotting issue may be in cats loss of use (paralysis) of the hind legs or tail. In dogs clinical signs may be dyspnea (bad breathing) where the animal may have rapid, shallow breathing rate (panting). Bleeding from the mouth, nose, anus and genitals may occur as well.Diseases that can activate the

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24:39

GI Obstruction

Clinical Signs ·

2023/07/12

In this episode I follow up from episode 21 on the corn cob incident. Here I explain the possible ramifications from an animal swallowing a corn cob or other "foreign body". The damage caused by a foreign body can lead to various clinical signs such as vomiting, diarrhea, inappetance (not eating), to straining to defecate and anorexia. If not treated, this process and the resulting clinical signs can be fatal. Sometimes even with the appropriate treatment, the outcome for an animal is not

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08:29

Corn on the Cob, Silent and Possibly Deadly?

Clinical Signs ·

2023/06/28

In this episode I discuss my dogs misadventure with a piece of corn on the cob and how I remedied the situation. I only had access to over the counter 3% hydrogen peroxide, which I administered to my dog. This successfully caused her to regurgitate her dinner along with many chunks of chewed up corn cob. Thankfully there were no long term consequences.This is cookout/barbecue season, always dispose of any bones/corn cobs appropriately so your pets do not have access to them.Some possible clinical

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20:49

Fleas, Oh My

Clinical Signs ·

2023/05/03

In this episode I discuss fleas, particularly the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), which is the most likely culprit in an infestation of both cats and dogs. The flea life cycle can be completed from egg to adult in as little as 3 weeks or as long as a year. The completion of the life cycle depends on 3 things, these are food, warmth and moisture. If any one of these criteria are missing then the eggs can go dormant and wait for the proper criteria to start the cycle again even one year later.Fleas

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30:04

Fentanyl, An Opioid

Clinical Signs ·

2023/04/27

In this episode I discuss fentanyl, a synthetic opioid used in veterinary medicine. There is an overdose epidemic in the USA concerning fentanyl and many media stories about this. Recently I came across a story about a person overdosing and possibly giving their dog fentanyl. Thankfully the dog survived. I have a link to this story and several other links about fentanyl.Opioids are potent analgesics used therapeutically by veterinarians to relieve acute, severe pain in animals. This is different

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20:05

How Doctors Think: A Book Report

Clinical Signs ·

2023/04/13

In this episode I discuss the book titled "How Doctors Think" by Jerome Groopman MD. I have found this book to be beneficial by helping me think more clearly, critically and to always perform a full physical exam on my patients. Although the book was written for physicians and their patients, I think it is just as valuable for veterinarians and our clients. How we think as doctors is critical to providing the best care possible and will help clients/patients to communicate more clearly.Thank you and

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19:46

A Cancer Tail

Clinical Signs ·

2023/03/30

In this episode I recount the recent history of an issue with my dog involving one of her toes. So far her outcome has been great. My dog's story segues in to a discussion about squamous cell carcinoma cancer in dogs and cats. Squamous cell carcinoma is cancer of the epithelial cells, which are found in the skin, the linings of the body and the hair follicles. Diagnosis is by histology and treatment involves surgery to excise the mass. There are adjunct therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy.I

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23:29

The Pulse Oximeter

Clinical Signs ·

2023/03/18

Welcome. This episode covers the pulse oximeter from how it functions, to what the readings mean and some troubleshooting tips. Without understanding ventilation, hypoxemia and hypoxia the data acquired by the pulse ox will not be useful to you. I recommend that you listen to episode 15 on this topic.In animals the pulse ox is typically placed on a non-pigmented portion of skin such as the lip or tongue. Other locations include a skin fold, a toe or the tail. Placement is limited by the width of

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01:14:47

Ventilation, Hypoxemia and Hypoxia, The Oxygen Story

Clinical Signs ·

2023/03/06

In this episode I covered 2 miscellaneous topics, with the bulk of the podcast reserved for discussing ventilation, hypoxemia and hypoxia. This information provides the necessary understanding for the next episode which will cover the use of a pulse oximeter.Introduction 00:00-00:20Pulmonary atelectasis, ramblings 00:20-04:19Dog hair 04:20-05:21Gonad sparing surgery 05:22-12:30Ventilation, hypoxemia and hypoxia 12:30-1:12:20Closing thoughts 1:12:20-1:14:48Some abbreviations:O2-oxygen; CO2-carbon

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14:17

Lub Dup, The Sounds of Life

Clinical Signs ·

2023/02/15

In this the 14th episode, I discuss 3 topics. The first are the S1 and S2 heart sounds, S1 is the "lub" sound and the S2 is the "dup" sound. S1 sounds refer to the closing of the AV valves ( located between the atria and ventricle, these are the mitral valve on the left side and the tricuspid valve on the right) and the S2 refers to the closure of the semilunar valves, the aortic on the left side and the pulmonic on the right side.Next I discuss stethoscopes and some of their functionality. I have

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30:20

Flicking The Syringe

Clinical Signs ·

2023/02/02

Have you ever wondered why in a movie or TV show that a character holding a syringe will "flick" the syringe with a finger? Well, I have the answer. It is just being dramatic. In real life, a veterinarian/veterinary nurses will do this to remove air bubbles trapped in the syringe, although we do it as we draw the drug out of the vial. This step is critical to minimize the possibility of a vascular air embolism (VAE).VAE is a potentially life threatening, iatrogenic(doctor caused) complication of

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