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Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

education higher education

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01:34:54

06: Capturing all relevant scales of...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/02/05

06 | 0:00:00 Start 0:01:26 Motivation 0:07:51 The spectral gap 0:12:18 Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions 0:20:41 Historical overview of the energy balance closure problem 0:25:29 Hypotheses for potential reasons of the energy balance closure problem 0:27:49 Research approach and methods 0:31:56 Wavelet analysis 0:36:06 Large-eddy simulation 0:42:13 Scale-crossing field compaigns 0:42:19 BOREAS 0:44:12 TRENO preAlpine Observatory 0:45:17 ScaleX 0:47:18 TERENO lower Rhine/Eifel Observatory 0:48:09

01:09:56

16: Fish behaviour in response to hydrodynamic...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/30

16 | 0:00:00 Start 0:01:22 Acknowledgement 0:02:00 Introduction 0:09:35 The drag function D 0:13:04 Methods 0:17:47 Flow field (ADV measurements) 0:20:53 Space used vs Space sampled 0:22:22 Hydrodynamic preference curves 0:23:38 Specialized Behaviours Zones (SBZ) 0:26:25 Results 0:29:55 Results: How do other hydrodynamic metrics perform? 0:33:11 Drag Functions vs Mean Velocities 0:35:30 Conclusions 0:37:27 What about downstream migration? 0:38:43 Acknowledgement 0:39:39 Introduction 0:45:27

01:39:29

15: Eco-Hydraulics and life in moving fluids, 17.08.2017

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/30

15 | 0:00:00 Start 0:01:30 Lectures outline 0:04:00 Lecture 1.1 – An introduction to Eco–Hydraulics and fish locomotion 0:04:05 What is Eco–Hydraulics? 0:05:43 Fish–migration 0:07:12 Hydraulic barriers and threats 0:16:04 The big picture 0:19:00 Fish locomotion 0:31:56 Fish sensing 0:45:36 Sight (slightly off topic) 0:47:30 References 0:48:10 Lecture 1.2 – Swimming and living in hydrodynamiclly–complex environments 0:48:33 The big picture 0:49:02 Hydrodynamically–complex environments 0:50:05

00:56:07

12: Plant water movement in xylem and phloem: A new...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/30

12 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:44 Why study plants? 0:02:09 Agricultural production 0:03:54 Plant vascular transport 0:05:58 Drought kills trees 0:06:56 Question: Why do plants need (so much) water? 0:08:02 Exchange of water for CO2 0:08:27 Cost of CO2 Diffusion and Fick's law 0:14:32 Transport Processes: Diffusion and advection 0:16:08 The Advection-Diffusion equation 0:19:10 Wood microstructure 0:21:25 Question: What pressures are needed to drive flow? 0:25:23 Pressure-drop/Flow rate 0:28:10

01:25:07

07: Turbulent Structure in Plant Canopies, 11.08.2017

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/30

07 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:50 Reminder-where did we get to on Wednesday? 0:03:23 Time-Trace of velocity fluctuations-sweeps and ejections 0:05:40 Ejection/sweep ratios (neutral conditions) 0:08:43 Large-eddy simulation of canopy flows 0:09:34 ISL and Canopy Layer Velocity Profiles 0:10:53 Inflexion point in the velocity profile at canopy top is inevitable 0:14:47 The Mixing Layer Hypothesis 0:39:36 Summarizing the Mixing Layer Hypothesis 0:51:16 ABL-scale instabilities 0:57:57 Canopy instability

01:32:24

09: Society as a Complex System - Can we find a safe...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/30

09 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:45 What are the Sustainable Development Goals? 0:02:12 Biophysical Planetary Boundaries – Staying in the Holocene 0:04:11 Social Planetary Boundaries – can we live within the doughnut? 0:04:50 These biophysical and social boundaries are fundamentally different 0:06:09 What is a complex system? 0:08:05 Emergence 0:11:47 Self organization – Attractors 0:14:51 Complexity versus Chaos 0:18:25 History of the world in two graphs: 1, Population and technology 0:20:15 History of the

00:59:03

05: Models and predictions: Basic ingredients,...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/30

05 | 0:00:00 start 0:02:19 Structure of Talk 0:02:54 Introduction 0:09:08 The purpose of models 0:15:55 Basic ingredients of models 0:19:26 Predictability and determinism 0:22:43 Nonlinear effects (Deterministic chaos) 0:27:46 Verification of models –– ''non–verifiable'' models 0:30:07 Verification of models –– no-analog communities 0:32:19 Computing models –– alternatives to general relativity 0:35:37 Computing models –– heuristic vs. physically based models 0:40:31 Extrapolation of models 0:44:28

00:45:26

14: Physical limits on plant size and their organs,...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

14 | 0:00:00 Start 0:01:52 Literature 0:01:55 Centennial of On Growth and Form by D'Arcy Thompson 0:02:44 Question: Why no wheels in nature? 0:03:31 Example: Why no wheels? 0:04:37 Question: What drives evolution in biological systems? 0:04:54 Energetics of Evolution 0:06:50 Example: Size of living organisms 0:07:29 Bacterial size limited by feeding strategy 0:11:12 Sugar transport 0:11:45 The leaf is an osmotic pump 0:12:42 First mathematical model 0:14:24 Later mathematical model 0:15:14 Phloem

01:20:44

10: An introduction to the soil-root-system, 14.08.2017

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

10 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:27 An introduction to the soil-root-system 0:01:59 Bulk Soil Properties Defined 0:07:58 Representative Elementary Volume (REV) and the continuum hypothesis 0:11:20 State equation for soil water 0:13:12 Fluxes and flow of water 0:14:41 Text-book view-Analogy to other transport laws 0:21:50 Fluxes and flow of water 0:23:31 Fluxes and flow of water: The driving gradient 0:30:48 An 'ad-hoc' derivation of Darcy's law (for saturated conditions) 0:40:44 Darcy-Forchheimer law at

01:30:46

08: Life with an Altitude: A biosphere-Atmosphere...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

08 | 0:00:00 Start 0:01:20 Life with an Altitude 0:02:41 The Eagle's Perspective 0:04:56 The Flux Sensor's Perspective 0:05:39 Surface- Atmosphere Exchange over Inhomogeneous Terrain 0:07:17 Pattern: Spatial Scales 0:07:55 Landscape: Impose Pattern and Scale 0:08:40 Is this forest homogeneous? 0:09:17 Measured Variability depends on Resolution: 0:12:28 Plant-Environment Interaction: CO2 0:14:25 Micrometeorological Flux Measurements: 0:16:51 The Flux Footprint 0:25:44 Tigerbush (Niger) 0:27:05

01:27:45

03: Airflow in Plant Canopies, 09.08.2017

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

03 | 0:00:00 Start 0:02:05 The atmospheric environment 0:05:37 Turbulence 0:18:42 Richardson Number 0:20:55 TKE and the turbulence spectrum 0:22:26 Boundary layers 0:26:31 Some basic concepts and formulae 0:29:27 Structure of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer 0:32:39 Dimensional Analysis 0:36:47 Neutrally stratified surface layer 0:38:00 The ubiquitous Log law 0:39:58 Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory in the ISL 0:45:33 Canopy turbulence and the roughness sublayer 0:51:41 The Roughness Sublayer

01:17:05

02: Introduction to the fluid mechanics and...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

02 | 0:00:00 Start 0:01:05 Structure of Talk 0:01:44 Very short history of land plant evolution 0:04:41 Rapid radiation of vascular plants 0:05:16 Xylem structure of vascular plants 0:07:45 Part 1 – Outline of the cohesion - tension theory 0:07:48 Anatomic features of the plant water transport system 0:08:19 Experimental evidence for sap flow 0:10:06 Outline of the cohesion – tension theory 0:15:44 Description of sap flow 0:21:14 Hazards to water transport 0:21:46 Experimental evidence for

01:29:20

04: Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange: From kinetic...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

04 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:59 Collaborators 0:02:12 Introduction 0:03:09 Evaporation: A Molecular Perspective 0:05:57 From ‘Molecular‘ to ‘Turbulence‘ 0:07:59 Bringing in the energy 0:10:38 Combination equation and thermal stratification effects 0:11:34 Bringing in the plants 0:13:35 Stomata and the climate system 0:15:08 Stomata and climate 0:16:21 Stomata and the climate system 0:18:37 Droughts and Forest Mortality 0:19:38 Water transport theories 0:22:45 Question: 0:23:38 Hypothesis for each

00:52:38

01: Introduction to stress physiology of plants,...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

01 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:20 Stress Physiology of Plants 0:02:27 Background - Stress 0:03:35 Relevance of drought & heat stress 0:04:32 Example: European summer drought & heat in 2003 0:05:59 Why is water shortage critical for plants? 0:06:17 The plant water highway 0:09:43 Example: Callitris - most drought-resistant conifer genus in the world 0:12:19 How can trees avoid excessive water less? 0:12:45 Tree responses to drought - Restricting water loss 0:16:13 Example: Stomatal responses to

01:16:30

00: The Theoretical Minimum: What You Need to Know to...

Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere ·

2018/01/29

00 |0:00:00 Start 0:02:45 The Speakers... 0:15:47 Introduction 0:18:49 van Leeuwenhoek's estimate 0:19:28 Projections all use logistic curve 0:20:39 Carrying capacity K 0:21:54 Equilibrium versus steady-state 0:28:06 Stability classification of logistic Equ. 0:28:58 Relaxation time scale 0:29:45 Longer term view of population growth 0:30:58 Longer term view ... 0:32:31 von Foerester et al. (1960) 0:41:16 von Foerester et al. (1960) – the Doomsday date 0:46:00 Review of Johansen and Sornette(2001)

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Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere

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